Generated by Rank Math SEO, this is an llms.txt file designed to help LLMs better understand and index this website. # مصطفى نوارج للاستشارات والتدريب: استشاري التسويق والتدريب ## Sitemaps [XML Sitemap](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/sitemap_index.xml): Includes all crawlable and indexable pages. ## Posts - [From Books to the Field: Dr. Mostafa Nawareg’s Applied Frameworks Index](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/from-books-to-the-field-dr-mostafa-nawaregs-applied-frameworks-index/): Reference index of the applied frameworks Dr. Mostafa Nawareg has published in English, grouped by decision type, with what each framework settles and a link to its full article. - [From Books to the Field: The RPOS Model for Sales Management and Key Account Allocation](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/rpos-sales-account-management/): How the RPOS model separates account potential from your current position to allocate sales resources where they pay off. - [From Books to the Field: 22 Questions to Ask Before Writing a SWOT Analysis](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/22-questions-before-swot/): 22 diagnostic questions to answer before you write a SWOT analysis, so the matrix reflects reality instead of guesses. - [From Books to the Field: The Animal World Theory for Reading Customer Personality at First Sight](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/animal-world-theory-customer-personality/): A field framework for reading customer personality types at first sight—without mistaking a first impression for a diagnosis. - [From Books to the Field: The Modified BCG Matrix for Branch Classification and Management](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/modified-bcg-matrix-branch-management/): Using the modified BCG matrix to classify branches and stop spreading investment equally across every location. - [From Books to the Field: 16 Tests for Selecting the Right Target Segment](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/16-target-segment-tests/): Sixteen practical tests to select a target segment that is reachable, profitable, and defensible. - [From Books to the Field: The Market Segment × Competitor Map](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/market-segment-competitor-map/): A Segment × Competitor Map that shows which customer segments each competitor is trying to own. - [From Books to the Field: 17 Lenses for Market Segmentation](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/17-market-segmentation-lenses/): Seventeen segmentation lenses to slice your market beyond demographics into actionable customer differences. - [From Books to the Field: Pure and Transformed Personalities — A Cumulative View of Personality Change](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/pure-transformed-personality-model/): The pure vs. transformed personality model: a cumulative view of how customers' personalities change over time. - [From Books to the Field: The Three Personality States Under Pressure](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/personality-states-under-pressure/): The three personality states that emerge under pressure and how to adapt your approach to each. - [B2B Field Sales Training: How to Turn Sales Visits into Account Progress](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/b2b-field-sales-training/): Use FIELD-5 to improve B2B field sales: prioritize accounts, prepare visits, discover business needs, communicate value and secure meaningful next steps. - [Banking Marketing and Customer Experience: 8 Practical Case Studies](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/banking-marketing-case-studies/): Modern banking marketing is the integrated management of trust, customer behavior, experience, value, and reputation—not simply the promotion of accounts or cards. It starts by identifying what prevents people from entering, trusting, or using the banking system, then redesigning the message, service, product, and customer journey around that barrier. These eight cases show how banks can turn low financial awareness, fear, waiting time, brand similarity, and passive sponsorship exposure into opportunities for market development, stronger relationships, and measurable customer action. - [Dr. Mostafa Nawareg Client Results — Documented Outcomes Across 9 Sectors](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/client-results-dr-mostafa-nawareg-9-sectors/): This article compiles video-documented testimonials from real clients of Dr. Mostafa Nawareg — a strategic marketing consultant with 24 years of experience across 22 countries — spanning multiple sectors from restaurants to manufacturing, and from Egypt to Jordan, Iraq, the UAE, and the United States. - [Best Marketing Speaker for Conferences and Corporate Events: How to Choose the Right Expert](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/best-marketing-speaker/): The best marketing speaker is not simply the most famous name, but the one who can translate marketing expertise into relevant, practical insights for a specific audience. Evaluate professional experience, subject depth, speaking evidence, content quality, audience engagement, industry relevance, and the speaker’s ability to customize the session around the conference objectives instead of delivering a generic keynote. - [Best Sales Trainer for Companies: 12 Criteria for Choosing the Right Expert](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/best-sales-trainer-for-companies/): How do you choose the best sales trainer for your company? Use the 4D–12 framework to evaluate diagnosis, industry fit, design, transfer and evidence. - [Sales Trainer vs. Marketing Trainer vs. Corporate Trainer: Which Does Your Company Actually Need?](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/sales-trainer-vs-marketing-trainer-vs-corporate-trainer/): Sales Trainer, Marketing Trainer or Corporate Trainer? Use DCI to choose the right expert by capability domain, context and intervention type. - [Why One Sales Training Program Cannot Fit Every Company: How to Customize Training by Industry and Skill Level](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/customized-sales-training-industry-skill-level/): Learn how to customize sales training by industry, role and skill level using MATCH: Market, Audience, Task, Challenge and work-system fit. - [Trainee Satisfaction Is Not ROI: How to Measure Training Effectiveness from Learning to Business Results](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/training-effectiveness-measuring-training-impact/): Measure training effectiveness with IMPACT-6: baseline, learning, behavior, business outcomes and attribution—without confusing satisfaction with ROI. - [Training Cannot Fix Everything: When You Need a Sales Trainer—and When the Real Problem Is Strategy or Management](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/sales-training-or-strategy-management-problem/): Use CAPS to diagnose whether weak sales require training, management changes, process fixes or strategy before hiring a sales trainer. - [Why Great Corporate Trainers Don’t Need to Be the Smartest Person in the Room](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/corporate-trainer-humility-stories-shared-learning/): Learn why corporate trainer humility improves shared learning and how LEARN combines evidence, experience, stories, participant knowledge and application. - [Why One Sales Training Program Cannot Fit Every Sales Role: A Role-Based Sales Training Framework](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/role-based-sales-training-sales-roles/): Use SELLER-6 to design role-based sales training for retail, field, telesales, chat and complex B2B roles without losing the common sales core. - [Client Conferences vs. Internal Company Events: How to Brief the Right Marketing Speaker](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/client-conferences-vs-internal-company-events/): Client conference or internal company event? See why the marketing speaker, message, evidence, tone, and commercial objective should change. - [Sales Cycle Meetings vs. Public Conferences: Why Sales Reps Need a Different Conference Speaker](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/sales-cycle-meetings-vs-public-conferences/): A national sales meeting is not simply a smaller private conference. This guide explains why a sales cycle or national sales meeting needs a different conference speaker from a public event, and how to choose content that drives field execution. - [Entrepreneurship Conferences vs. Corporate Conferences: What Should a Keynote Speaker Cover?](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/entrepreneurship-conferences-vs-corporate-conferences/): Entrepreneurship and corporate conferences look similar but serve very different audiences. This guide explains what a keynote speaker should cover at a startup conference versus a corporate event, with a practical framework for organizers. - [Keynote Speaker vs. Motivational Speaker: Which Do You Actually Need for Your Event?](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/keynote-speaker-vs-motivational-speaker/): Keynote speaker vs motivational speaker: compare purpose, content, evidence, takeaways, and follow-up value to choose the right fit for your event. - [Marketing Speaker vs. Public Speaker: How to Choose the Right One for Your Event](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/marketing-speaker-vs-public-speaker/): Marketing speaker vs public speaker: compare domain expertise, audience expectations, evidence, case studies, and booking fit for a marketing event. - [Pharmaceutical Marketing Conferences vs. Corporate Events: Choosing the Right Marketing Keynote Speaker](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/pharmaceutical-marketing-conferences-vs-corporate-events/): A pharmaceutical marketing conference is not simply a corporate event with medical terminology added. This guide explains how these events differ from regular corporate events and what to look for in a marketing keynote speaker for regulated, HCP-facing audiences. - [What Does a Marketing Consultant Actually Do?](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/what-does-a-marketing-consultant-do/): What does a marketing consultant do? In short, a marketing consultant helps a company make better decisions about markets, customers, products, positioning, pricing, channels, sales, and growth. The work normally begins with diagnosis rather than campaign ideas. The complete service context is available on the marketing consulting services page. For regional expansion, see the role of a market positioning consultant across Arab markets. - [How to Build a Marketing Strategy for MENA Markets](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/how-to-build-marketing-strategy-mena-markets/): Working with a MENA marketing strategy consultant makes one thing clear early: a successful MENA strategy is not one campaign translated into Arabic. It is a coordinated set of decisions about markets, customers, positioning, entry models, pricing, channels, localization, responsibilities, and performance. A MENA engagement with marketing consultants should begin with market prioritization and evidence, not creative production. - [Best Marketing Consultant for Arab Markets](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/best-marketing-consultant-arab-markets/): The best marketing consultant for Arab markets is not simply the most visible advisor or someone who speaks Arabic. Companies should evaluate documented consulting experience, cross-market knowledge, strategic depth, industry exposure, implementation capability, and the ability to distinguish what can scale regionally from what must be adapted country by country. - [Marketing Consultant vs Digital Marketing Agency in Egypt: Which Does Your Company Need?](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/marketing-consultant-vs-digital-marketing-agency-egypt/): A marketing consultant in Egypt determines what the company should do, for which customers, and why. An agency converts that direction into content, advertising, design, websites, and channel execution. The marketing consultant service page illustrates the diagnostic role, while corporate training demonstrates how internal capability can support execution. - [How to Choose the Best Marketing Consultant in Egypt](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/best-marketing-consultant-egypt/): The best marketing consultant in Egypt is not automatically the most visible or least expensive professional. The right choice is the consultant most capable of diagnosing your company’s specific problem and converting the analysis into decisions, priorities, and measurable deliverables. The scope of marketing consultant services provides a useful reference for evaluating a complete engagement. Companies expanding beyond Egypt should also review what a GCC market entry advisor should deliver. - [Sales Team Training: From Performance Diagnosis to Measurable Results](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/sales-team-training/): Build effective sales team training with TRAIN-5: diagnose performance gaps, customize practice, involve managers and measure workplace application. ## Pages - [Research by Dr. Mostafa Nawareg](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/research/): Working papers, reports and software published with a DOI, turning the frameworks he developed in his books and consulting work into citable sources. Every work is published on Zenodo and registered on ORCID, Academia and Wikidata. - [Dr. Mostafa Nawareg Reviews](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/independent-reviews/): Verified by clients - [Real Case Studies — Dr. Mostafa Nawareg’s Client Results](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/case-studies/): /* ── TOKENS ────────────────────────────────────── */.mn-cs-en { --brown:#6B5240; --brown-deep:#4A3826; --brown-soft:#7A6248; --gold:#B8860B; --gold-bright:#E8C97A; --cream:#FAF5E5; --cream-deep:#F0E6C5; --ink:#2A2018; --paper:#FFFCF5; --line:rgba(107,82,64,.14); - [Dr. Mostafa Nawareg’s Global Recognition and Regional Impact](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/global-recognition/): GLOBAL RECOGNITION & REGIONAL IMPACT - [corporate training](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/corporate-training/): Dr. Mostafa Nawareg delivers customized corporate training programs for sales teams, marketing teams, managers, and business leaders across Egypt and Arab markets — designed to improve team performance and deliver measurable business outcomes. - [Speaker Kit](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/conferences/speaker-kit/): The bar isn't years of experience alone — it's whether a speaker raises the value of your program and turns an idea into something the audience can use. - [English Books](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/english-books/): Dr. Mostafa Nawareg books · Marketing to Arab Minds · Escaping Price Wars · Strategic Marketing · 4 Human Personalities · Arab consumer behavior · strategic marketing Middle East · segmentation targeting positioning · pricing strategy · brand positioning · marketing psychology · Arabic & English marketing books. - [Media Press Center](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/dr-mostafa-nawareg-media-press-center/): Dr. Mostafa Nawareg has been featured across television, digital media, newspapers, and podcasts in the Arab region. His documented appearances include television platforms in Egypt, Jordan, and Algeria, alongside press coverage of his books, marketing insights, and professional work. He also presented “Hawadit Taswiqiya,” a specialized television program focused on marketing and management. - [home](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/): Top 10 Thought Leader in Marketing — Thinkers360 - [Podcast](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/podcast/): How business owners can market their companies the right way — a conversation with Dr. Mostafa Nawareg on Muntalaq Podcast. - [Contact Us](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/contact-us/): If you have any inquiries or need assistance, please don't hesitate to contact us. Our support team is ready to answer all your questions as soon as possible. - [Marketing Consultations](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/marketing-consulting/): Many marketing consultants stop at advice. A marketing consultation should not end with ideas and recommendations. It should end with clear decisions and an executable action plan. Work with Dr. Mostafa Nawareg and his analysis team to diagnose your market, competitors, marketing channels, and business challenges before the consultation begins. Based in Egypt? See how to choose a marketing consultant in Egypt. - [Conferences](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/conferences/): Official Website | Dr. Mostafa Nawareg | International Marketing Consultant, Corporate Trainer & Author International Conference Speaker  ·  22 Countries  ·  41 Industries  ·  40 Books International Conference SpeakerDr. Mostafa Nawareg International marketing consultant, author of 40 books, and keynote speaker at major conferences across 22 countries — bringing creative ideas and fresh insights that enrich every event. Talks on: Strategic Marketing · Entrepreneurship · Medical & Pharmaceutical Marketing · Veterinary Marketing · Book & Content Marketing. Invite Dr. Mostafa to your conference Learn more about Dr. Mostafa Independent client reviews Top 25 Thought Leader in EMEA — Thinkers360 Featured Talk Latest appearance on the international stage Algeria · December 2025 African Startups Conference 2025 — 4th Edition A keynote on entrepreneurship, strategic marketing, and the African startup ecosystem — by official invitation from the Government of Algeria. Watch on YouTube Talk Archive All Conferences Dr. Mostafa Nawareg's keynotes and appearances across multiple countries and fields. 2025 International Pharmaceutical Federation & UNESCO Conference Egypt · Deans from 6 countries 2025 Pharmaceutical Marketing & Selling — Pitfalls and Solutions Jordan · Al-Ahliyya Amman University 2024 Marketing Literary Works Cairo · El Sawy Culturewheel 2024 Marketing in the Veterinary Sector — Success or Failure? Egypt · Mazra3ty 2024 The First Medical Advertising Conference Egypt · Repsology 2024 Post-University Training — Heliopolis University Cairo · Heliopolis University 2020 MBA Researchers' Graduation — Brooklyn Business School Cairo · Brooklyn Business School From the Field Moments from conferences Keynote Speaker International Conference Speaker — why choose Dr. Mostafa? A world-class international conference speaker. At our conferences and events, audiences meet Dr. Mostafa Nawareg — an international marketing consultant, author of 40 books, and keynote speaker at major conferences across 22 countries — with creative ideas and fresh insights that enrich every event. His conference sessions are never merely theoretical; they are practical, simple, and built on field experience with companies across more than 41 industries, so attendees leave with ideas they can apply immediately in their work. What Dr. Nawareg delivers at your conference He gives the audience creative ideas and new ways to look at their customers and markets, through practical examples of campaigns that succeeded under tough competitive conditions. He uses real stories from the Arab market that connect creativity with disciplined execution, helping teams generate different marketing ideas without huge budgets. He focuses on linking marketing and strategy concepts to the economic reality of the sector — away from complex theory or empty rhetoric. Solutions to sector problems at your conference He diagnoses the sector's biggest challenges before the conference, then offers practical solutions for small and medium businesses — such as improving customer experience, organizing the marketing plan, and leveraging digital tools and AI. He gives attendees ready-made lists of questions and frameworks that help them analyze the market and competitors, and turn daily challenges into growth opportunities. A clear economic dimension in his talks He puts economic return first: How do you grow sales? How do you cut ineffective marketing spend? And how do we tie marketing decisions to the business's profit and loss? He helps senior management and marketing teams speak the language of numbers, connecting marketing creativity to tangible impact on business results — especially in Arab markets under constant economic pressure and volatility. Traits of a successful international conference speaker Dr. Mostafa Nawareg stands out as an international conference speaker through his ability to simplify complex concepts and turn them into practical tools ready for immediate use. He combines field experience across 22 countries with a deep understanding of Arab-market challenges, making every talk a unique learning experience. When choosing an international conference speaker for your event, you look for someone who connects creative ideas with economic reality — and that is exactly what Dr. Nawareg delivers at every conference he takes part in, from entrepreneurship to strategic and medical marketing. Have an upcoming conference? Invite Dr. Mostafa Nawareg as a keynote speaker — creative topics, fresh insights, and 24 years of marketing-consulting experience across 22 countries. Get in touch now How to Choose the Right Speaker for Your Conference Not every great speaker delivers what a business conference needs. Criterion Marketing Speaker Motivational / Public Speaker Goal Practical marketing results your team can apply immediately Momentary energy and general inspiration Content Strategy, consumer behavior, pricing, positioning Inspirational stories and positive energy Experience Real field experience with companies across industries Public speaking and oratory skills Post-Event Impact A plan and tools attendees can implement A temporary feeling of motivation Best For Business, marketing & sales conferences General motivational events Want to go deeper on evaluating and selecting the right marketing speaker? How to Choose the Best Marketing Speaker for Your Conference → - [Television Program](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/television-program/): Marketing Tales (Hawadeet Tasweeqeya – حواديت تسويقية) is an 8-episode Arabic educational TV series (2023) created, written and hosted by Dr. Mostafa Nawareg, International Marketing Consultant, Corporate Trainer & Author. Each episode takes one marketing topic — from human capital export and retirement tourism to real estate marketing and the psychology of marketing — and explains it in plain language for business owners and the general public. All eight episodes are available to watch below, and the series is listed on IMDb (tt45803014). - [Success Partners](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/success-partners/): Read what these clients wrote on independent platforms such as Google and Clutch in independent client reviews. - [En Articles Hub](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/): An articles library distilling 24+ years of marketing consulting and training across 22 countries and 41 industries — from core marketing thinking to the latest growth and sales strategies. - [About Dr. Mostafa Nawareg](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/about-dr-mostafa-nawareg/): Dr. Mostafa Nawareg is an international marketing consultant, corporate trainer, and Arab author specializing in marketing strategy, consumer behavior, sales psychology, and marketing plan development. With over 24 years of professional experience across 22 countries and 41 industries, he has served more than 200 corporate clients and authored over 40 books on marketing, management, sales, leadership, and self-development. ## - [Preview](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/?p=2766) ## - [Lightbox – Special Invitation (Flat 2.0 Lead Generation Page)(Imported)](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/?p=3159): احجز مكالمتك دلوقتي ## Elementor Header & Footer Builder - [EN Header](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/maqalat-tswiqia/elementor-hf/en-header/): Dr. Mostafa Nawareg International Marketing Consultant, Corporate Trainer & Author AR Contact Us Home Marketing Consulting Comprehensive Consultation Training Programs Corporate Training Conferences View Conferences Speaker Profile Publications Books Store — 40+ Books Marketing Planner Our Clients Success Partners Media Appearances In the News TV Show Podcast About About Dr. Mostafa Nawareg Case Studies International Presence Client Reviews Contact Us Message Us العربية Home Marketing Consulting Comprehensive Consultation Training Programs Corporate Training Conferences View Conferences Speaker Profile Publications Books Store Marketing Planner AI Our Clients Success Partners Media Appearances In the News TV Show Podcast About Dr. Nawareg About Dr. Mostafa Nawareg Case Studies International Presence Client Reviews Contact Us Message Us - [Footer Call to Action](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/elementor-hf/home/): Official Media Kit ## - [New Form # 1758620636](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/?p=3754) - [New Form # 1758620542](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/?p=3751) - [New Form # 1758620540](https://mostafanawareg.com/en/?p=3750): parent.activateValidation({"message":"This field is required.","minLength":1,"maxLength":"","type":"none","required":false,"expression":"null"}, el) } /> parent.activateValidation({"message":"This field is required.","minLength":1,"maxLength":"","type":"none","required":false,"expression":"null"}, el) } /> parent.activateValidation({"message":"This field is required.","minLength":1,"maxLength":"","type":"none","required":false,"expression":"null"}, el) } /> item.value === parent.getValue("sector")) : } onChange=${(e)=> parent.handleSelect(e, "sector")} ref=${() => { register({ name: "sector" }, parent.activateValidation({"message":"This field is required.","minLength":1,"maxLength":"","type":"none","required":false})); if ( parent.getValue("sector") === '' && false ) { parent.setValue( 'sector', '', true ); parent.handleChange({ target: { name: 'sector', value: '' } }); } }} /> parent.activateValidation({"message":"This field is required.","emailMessage":"Please enter a valid Email address","minLength":1,"maxLength":"","type":"none","required":true,"expression":"null"}, el)} /> ${ parent.decodeEntities(``) } * parent.activateValidation({"message":"This field is required.","minLength":10,"maxLength":15,"type":"by_character_length","required":true,"expression":"null"}, el)} /> item.value === parent.getValue("team_size")) : } onChange=${(e)=> parent.handleSelect(e, "team_size")} ref=${() => { register({ name: "team_size" }, parent.activateValidation({"message":"This field is required.","minLength":1,"maxLength":"","type":"none","required":false})); if ( parent.getValue("team_size") === '' && false ) { parent.setValue( 'team_size', '', true ); parent.handleChange({ target: { name: 'team_size', value: '' } }); } }} /> item.value === parent.getValue("interested_programs")) : } onChange=${(e)=> parent.handleSelect(e, "interested_programs")} ref=${() => { register({ name: "interested_programs" }, parent.activateValidation({"message":"This field is required.","minLength":1,"maxLength":"","type":"none","required":false})); if ( parent.getValue("interested_programs") === '' && false ) { parent.setValue( 'interested_programs', '', true ); parent.handleChange({ target: { name: 'interested_programs', value: '' } }); } }} /> item.value === parent.getValue("training_start_time")) : } onChange=${(e)=> parent.handleSelect(e, "training_start_time")} ref=${() => { register({ name: "training_start_time" }, parent.activateValidation({"message":"This field is required.","minLength":1,"maxLength":"","type":"none","required":false})); if ( parent.getValue("training_start_time") === '' && false ) { parent.setValue( 'training_start_time', '', true ); parent.handleChange({ target: { name: 'training_start_time', value: '' } }); } }} /> parent.activateValidation({"message":"This field is required.","minLength":1,"maxLength":"","type":"none","required":false,"expression":"null"}, el)} > ${ parent.decodeEntities(`اذكر اهم التجديات التي تواجهونها والاهداف المطلوبة تحقيقها من التدريب`) } ${ parent.decodeEntities(`ارسل `) }